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David NGENDO-TSHIMBA, Ouganda, 2015

References: A Continent at Peace with Itself? Some Theoretical Considerations for Early Warning Mechanisms in Africa

  • Austin, A. “Early Warning and the Field: A Cargo Cult Science?” [Online] Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management– Edited Version August 2004. URL retrieved at www.berghof-handbook.net [Accessed on July 15th, 2011].

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  • Dorn, A. W. “Early and Late Warning by the UN Secretary-General of the Threats to the Peace: Article 99 Revisited” in Schnabel, A. & Carment, D. (eds.) (2004) Conflict Prevention: From Rhetoric to Reality, Vol.1. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, pp. 305-344.

  • Gordenker, L. “Early Warning of Refugee Incidents: Potentials and Obstacles” in G. Loescher & L. Monahan (eds.) (1989) Refugees and International Relations, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Gurr, T. “Victims of the State: Genocides, Politicides and Group Repression from 1945 to 1995” in A. J. Jongman (ed.) (1996). Contemporary Genocides: Causes, Cases, Consequences, Leiden: PIOOM/University of Leiden.

  • Kiplagat, B. A. “The African Role in Conflict Management and Resolution” in Smock, D. R. & Crocker, C. A. (eds.) (1995) African Conflict Resolution: The U.S. Role in Peacemaking. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, pp. 27-37.

  • Petrén, A. (2003) “Complexity: the first victim in war” in The Role of Media in War and Peace. New Routes, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2003, pp. 3-6. Uppsala, Sweden: Life & Peace Institute Publications.

  • Rupesinghe, K. & Kuroda, M. (eds.) (1992) Early Warning and Conflict Resolution New York: St. Martin’s Press.

  • Smock, D. R. & Crocker, C. A. (eds.) (1995) African Conflict Resolution: The U.S. Role in Peacemaking. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.

  • Stanton, G.H. “The Rwandan Genocide: Why Early Warning Failed.” African Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, Vol. 1(2), 2009, pp. 6-25.

  • The African Center for Strategic Studies “Africa and the Arab Spring: A New Era of Democratic Expectations” Special Report No. 1, November 2011. Washington, D.C.: ACSS.

  • Woronoff, J. “Editor’s Foreword” in Arnold, G. (2008) Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa, 2nd ed. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.

  • Wulf, H. & Debiel, T. “Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanisms: Tools for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Regional Organisations?”A Comparative Study of the AU, ECOWAS, IGAD, ASEAN/ARF and PIF. Crisis States Working Paper Series, No.2, 2009, pp.1-38

  • Wynn-Pope, P. “Early Warning of Mass Atrocity Crimes.” Forced Migration Review, Issue 38, October 2011, pp. 13-14.

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